<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <h3>Table Wrapper</h3> </div> |
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| orientation | restriction of xsd:NMTOKEN | portrait | optional | ||||
| position | restriction of xsd:NMTOKEN | float | optional | ||||
| specific-use | xsd:string | optional | |||||
| xml:base | xs:anyURI | optional |
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| xml:lang | union of(xs:language, restriction of xs:string) | optional |
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| Element Groups | block-display.class, floats-display.class, just-table.class |
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Figures and Tables |
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Figure 1 |
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Locations of study sites. |
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< graphic xmlns = "" xlink:href = "ijgi-07-00013-g001.tif" /> |
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Figure 2 |
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An ideal curve of a semivariogram with a range of 10 and a sill of 30. |
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Figure 3 |
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Workflow of this study. |
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Figure 4 |
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Semivariograms for: built area ( |
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a |
|
); farmland ( |
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b |
|
); forest ( |
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c |
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); grassland ( |
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d |
|
); and water ( |
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e |
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), via sub-area method (SAM). |
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Figure 5 |
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Semivariograms for: built area ( |
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a |
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); farmland ( |
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b |
|
); forest ( |
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c |
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); grassland ( |
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d |
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); water ( |
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e |
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); and overall ( |
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f |
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) based on direct-analysis method (DAM). |
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Figure 6 |
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Probability distributions for the built area ( |
|
red |
|
), farmland ( |
|
green |
|
), forest ( |
|
blue |
|
), grassland ( |
|
black |
|
), and water ( |
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yellow |
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). |
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Figure 7 |
|
Relationship between the group number ( |
|
GN |
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) and fitting R |
|
2 |
|
for Ansai’s forest ( |
|
a |
|
), grassland ( |
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b |
|
), farmland ( |
|
c |
|
), Taihe’s forest ( |
|
d |
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), grassland ( |
|
e |
|
), farmland ( |
|
f |
|
), and Changdu’s forest ( |
|
g |
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), grassland ( |
|
h |
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), farmland ( |
|
i |
|
); the |
|
x |
|
-axis is |
|
GN |
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, and the |
|
y |
|
-axis is R |
|
2 |
|
. |
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Figure 8 |
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Relationship between sample size ( |
|
SS |
|
) and R |
|
2 |
|
for Ansai’s forest ( |
|
a |
|
), grassland ( |
|
b |
|
), farmland ( |
|
c |
|
), Taihe’s forest ( |
|
d |
|
), grassland ( |
|
e |
|
), farmland ( |
|
f |
|
), and Changdu’s forest ( |
|
g |
|
), grassland ( |
|
h |
|
), farmland ( |
|
i |
|
); the |
|
x |
|
-axis is |
|
SS |
|
and the |
|
y |
|
-axis is R |
|
2 |
|
. |
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Figure 9 |
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Relationship between the simulation times and standard deviation of average fitting ranges for forest ( |
|
blue |
|
), grassland ( |
|
green |
|
), and farmland ( |
|
red |
|
) in Ansai County. |
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Figure 10 |
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Land cover maps for: ( |
|
a |
|
) Ansai County; ( |
|
b |
|
) Taihe County; and ( |
|
c |
|
) Changdu County. |
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Figure 11 |
|
Probability distributions for the ranges for: Ansai County ( |
|
a |
|
); Taihe County ( |
|
b |
|
); and Changdu County ( |
|
c |
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). |
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Figure 12 |
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Appropriate scales for forest, grassland, and farmland at the study sites. |
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Figure 13 |
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Proportion of the area of the ground features in: ( |
|
a |
|
) Ansai; ( |
|
b |
|
) Taihe; and ( |
|
c |
|
) Changdu. |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t001_Table 1 |
|
Table 1 |
|
Image bands and sampling cell size. |
|
Items |
|
Detail |
|
Blue |
|
440–510 nm |
|
Green |
|
520–590 nm |
|
Red |
|
630–685 nm |
|
Red Edge |
|
690–730 nm |
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Infrared |
|
760–850 nm |
|
Sampling cell |
|
6.5 m |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t002_Table 2 |
|
Table 2 |
|
Image number and capture date. |
|
Region |
|
Number |
|
Capture Date |
|
Ansai County |
|
4 |
|
3 |
|
1 |
|
September 2010, 1 October 2010 |
|
Taihe County |
|
4 |
|
1 November 2011, 2 September 2012, 1 October 2010 |
|
Changdu County |
|
5 |
|
2 September 2010 |
|
1 |
|
The values in parentheses indicate the number of images captured on that date. |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t003_Table 3 |
|
Table 3 |
|
Image interpretation, indexes used and values. |
|
County |
|
Visual Interpretation |
|
Object-Based Automatic Interpretation |
|
Ansai County |
|
Farmland, built area, and river |
|
Forest (NDVI > 0.3), grassland (NDVI > 0.05), lake (NDWI > 0.3), barren (Brightness > 5600), others (all the rest) |
|
Taihe County |
|
Built area and river |
|
Lake (NDWI > 0.25), farmland (NDSI > −0.17), forest (NDVI > 0.25 and Brightness < 4260), barren (Brightness > 5500), grassland (NDVI > 0), other (all the rest) |
|
Changdu County |
|
Farmland, built area and water |
|
Forest (DN < 1950), grassland (NDVI > 0.07), others (all the rest) |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t004_Table 4 |
|
Table 4 |
|
R |
|
2 |
|
values for the exponential and spherical models. |
|
< th rowspan = "2" align = "center" valign = "middle" style = "border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" /> |
|
Ansai County |
|
Taihe County |
|
Changdu County |
|
Forest |
|
Grass |
|
Farmland |
|
Forest |
|
Grass |
|
Farmland |
|
Forest |
|
Grass |
|
Farmland |
|
Exponential |
|
0.93 |
|
0.94 |
|
0.79 |
|
0.92 |
|
0.90 |
|
0.81 |
|
0.87 |
|
0.56 |
|
0.89 |
|
Spherical |
|
0.56 |
|
0.61 |
|
0.49 |
|
0.36 |
|
0.38 |
|
0.50 |
|
0.38 |
|
0.27 |
|
0.39 |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t005_Table 5 |
|
Table 5 |
|
Standard deviation of the ranges. |
|
< th rowspan = "2" align = "center" valign = "middle" style = "border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" /> |
|
Ansai County |
|
Taihe County |
|
Changdu County |
|
Forest |
|
Grassland |
|
Farmland |
|
Forest |
|
Grassland |
|
Farmland |
|
Forest |
|
Grassland |
|
Farmland |
|
Before (B) |
|
24.5 |
|
29.8 |
|
92.9 |
|
142.4 |
|
110.5 |
|
167.9 |
|
81.9 |
|
418.2 |
|
127.5 |
|
After (A) |
|
10.9 |
|
13.4 |
|
5.8 |
|
137.9 |
|
74.9 |
|
22.4 |
|
62.4 |
|
7053.7 |
|
34.3 |
|
A−B |
|
−13.6 |
|
−16.4 |
|
−87.1 |
|
−4.5 |
|
−35.6 |
|
−145.5 |
|
−19.5 |
|
6635.5 |
|
−93.2 |
|
Percentage |
|
55.5% |
|
55.0% |
|
93.8% |
|
3.2% |
|
32.2% |
|
86.7% |
|
23.8% |
|
------ |
|
73.1% |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t006_Table 6 |
|
Table 6 |
|
Accuracy assessment of the classification results for Ansai, Taihe, and Changdu. |
|
< th align = "center" valign = "middle" style = "border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" /> |
|
Overall Accuracy |
|
Kappa Coefficient |
|
Ansai County |
|
0.89 |
|
0.87 |
|
Taihe County |
|
0.88 |
|
0.86 |
|
Changdu County |
|
0.89 |
|
0.87 |
|
ijgi-07-00013-t007_Table 7 |
|
Table 7 |
|
Applicable satellite imagery for general ground features in pilot areas. |
|
< th align = "center" valign = "middle" style = "border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" /> |
|
Ground Features |
|
Average Size (m) |
|
Maximum Resolution (m) |
|
Applicable Satellite Imagery |
|
Ansai County |
|
Forest |
|
45 |
|
15 |
|
e.g., Landsat 8 (15 m) |
|
Grassland |
|
39 |
|
13 |
|
e.g., Sentinel-2A (10 m) |
|
Farmland |
|
63 |
|
21 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |
|
Taihe County |
|
Forest |
|
433 |
|
144 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |
|
Grassland |
|
217 |
|
72 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |
|
Farmland |
|
58 |
|
19 |
|
e.g., Landsat 8 (15 m) |
|
Changdu County |
|
Forest |
|
108 |
|
36 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |
|
Grassland |
|
1308 |
|
436 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |
|
Farmland |
|
98 |
|
32 |
|
e.g., CBERS-2 (20 m) |